Making a Solar Cell with Raspberries

3-Second Blueprint (English)

1. Black raspberries contain deep purple anthocyanin pigment molecules capable of absorbing sunlight photons to excite electrons.
2. Pairing the organic berry dye with a titanium dioxide semiconductor layer guides high-energy electrons into an external circuit.
3. Sandwiching the dye-coated titanium dioxide between conductive electrodes creates a working solar cell that outputs voltage.